Belarus is a country that is often assigned the label of “Europe’s last dictatorship” – yet it is a country that can also be seen as located in the heart of Europe. The first issue of 2014 for New Eastern Europe takes an in-depth look at the issues that are facing this country. The nation’s complex society and history underline the need for us to better understand Belarus. The issue aims to present, from various viewpoints, insight to the country today including its identity, society, economy, language and its relations with neighbours. While examining the complexities of the current situation, the authors in this issue don’t question Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s authoritarian rule, but also point to the fact that, as Andrei Liakhovich notes, EU policies poorly address the Belarusian people. Despite the social situation, the Belarusian people are not only entrepreneurial but also pro-European, as intellectual Alyaksandr Milinkevich writes. Journalist Andrzej Poczobut reports on why the workers in Belarus don’t strike while Polish expert Anna Maria Dyner provides an analysis of the Belarusian economy and what membership in the Russian-led Customs Union means for this small country. These and the rest of articles dedicated to Belarus present the country from various viewpoints and allow us to ask ourselves the question as to why we overlook this key nation too often.